Hammams and Roman baths

While hammams are deeply embedded in Islamic culture, their roots stem further back, to the Roman bathhouses that dotted the ancient Mediterranean. These sprawling public complexes, fueled by geothermal springs or furnaces, were centers of hygiene, socialization, and even political discourse. The basic layout—separate hot, warm, and cold rooms—laid the groundwork for the hammam experience we know today.

With the rise of Islam in the 7th century, bathhouses found a new purpose. Cleanliness became an integral part of religious rituals, and hammams evolved to facilitate this spiritual cleansing. They were often built near mosques, serving as a bridge between the every day and the sacred. The hot, steamy rooms encouraged deep sweating, considered symbolic of the washing away of sins.

Over centuries, hammams morphed into breathtaking architectural wonders. Ottoman sultans commissioned ornate structures like the Çemberlitas Hamam in Istanbul, boasting intricate tilework and domed ceilings. In Morocco, hammams like the Mouassine in Marrakesh adopted intricate layouts and incorporated locally sourced materials like clay and plaster. Each region imbues the hammam with its own unique character, reflecting local building styles and cultural preferences.

Hammams weren't just about cleanliness; they were vibrant social spaces. Women gathered on designated days for gossip and relaxation, while men used them as meeting places for business and leisure. Skilled attendants, known as kesseis, provided exfoliating scrubs and massages, further enhancing the experience. Additionally, hammams were often considered places of healing, with steam believed to cure aches and pains.

Today, hammams continue to be cherished institutions, offering a glimpse into centuries-old traditions. While modern amenities and spa treatments have found their way in, the core rituals remain firmly rooted in history.